The ocean is an incredible place. It covers 70% of the Earth’s surface and contains 95% of the planet’s water, which means that there are lots of different things happening underwater. And while most people think of swimming pools or lakes when they imagine being underwater, those aren’t actually part of the ocean—they’re all fresh water! Water temperature, salt content and pressure all change over short distances in the ocean, which means that different habitats can exist within just a few meters (or feet) from each other. For example: If you swim down from one side of a coral reef (mostly found in shallow tropical waters) to another side, you’ll encounter many different types of fish as well as temperature changes—from warm tropical temperatures at sea level all the way down to freezing cold temperatures near bottomless trenches close to Earth’s core!
The Epipelagic zone
The epipelagic zone is the uppermost layer of the water column. It’s also known as the sunlit zone, because it’s where most photosynthesis occurs and sunlight penetrates most deeply. This zone extends from about 0 to 200 meters (0 to 650 feet) deep, but can vary depending on location and season.
In general, it’s characterized by high temperatures, low salinity levels, low dissolved oxygen content and a stable temperature gradient throughout its depth range (which means there are no major changes in temperature between different layers).
The Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone is the middle layer of the water column, from 200 to 1000 meters deep. It’s between the epipelagic zone and bathypelagic zone and contains about 80% of all ocean life. The mesopelagic zone has very little sunlight because it’s so deep and far away from surface sunlight that it cannot reach this area. There is also very little oxygen in this area so animals must come up often to breathe or they will die from lack of oxygen in their bodies
The Bathypelagic zone
The bathypalagic zone is the lowermost layer of the water column, below 1000 meters and above 4500 meters. It extends downward from about 200 meters to about 4500 m. The name comes from Greek words meaning “deep” (bathys) and “ocean” (pelagos). In this part of the ocean, there are no sunlight or photosynthetic organisms such as plants or plankton; therefore it cannot support life on its own as food chains do not exist here.
The Abyssopelagic zone
In the abyssopelagic zone, there is no sunlight and it’s very cold–about 4 degrees Celsius (39 Fahrenheit). The pressure is high here, so water molecules are packed together tightly. This makes it difficult for any other gases or liquids to dissolve in this water. The deepest part of the ocean is called “hadal” which means “abyss” in Greek. In fact, most people think that all life stops at around 6500 meters deep because they can’t see anything down there! But actually there are many creatures living below 6000 meters – including some fish like grenadiers (which have been caught by fishermen) and squid species like vampire squid who live on their own without having any food supply as well as tube worms that feed off microbes living inside rocks instead of using photosynthesis like plants do on land
There are many zones in underwater. The epipelagic zone is the uppermost layer of the water column, from 10 meters to 200 meters deep. The mesopelagic zone is the middle layer of the water column, from 200 to 1000 meters deep. The bathypelagic zone is the lowermost layer of the water column, below 1000 meters and above 4500 meters. The abyssopelagic zone is the deepest part of the ocean, below 4500 meters
